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FlowJo has a unique platform that allows you to
calibrate any collected parameter. This gives you the ability to
express any parameter's values (graphical display, any statistical
calculations) in the units of your choice. Most commonly, this is
used to convert the scaling into absolute number of molecules (given
a standard that converts between the fluorescence intensity collected
on your instrument and absolute numbers of fluorophores).
Once you have created a calibrated parameter, it is added to your
sample as if it were just another parameter. You can apply the calibration
standard to any other sample in your collection (and you can apply
the calibration to an entire group, if you wish). You may have as
many different calibration standards in a workspace as you want;
in fact, you can even apply multiple calibration standards to the
same sample (a new parameter will be added for each calibration
that you apply).
When you graph your data, select the calibrated parameter on the
axis of choice--the scale values on the axis are now drawn in your
calibrated units! For example, if you calibrate to absolute number
of molecules per cell, then you can display these numbers on the
axis. In addition, any statistics you calculate (medians, CVs, etc.)
will be expressed in units of absolute molecules. Finally, you can
even enter a gate based on those units: you could, for example,
specify a gate on all cells with more than 5,000 molecules of an
antigen.
There are two methods by which you can calibrate a parameter: manual
or reference. Use the manual mode when you want to enter the exact
conversion values yourself. Use the reference when you have collected
a standard which you can use to convert to your units (for example,
a commercial bead set where each bead has a defined absolute intensity;
or, a sample stained with an antibody that has a known binding capacity
to the cells). When you use a reference, FlowJo automatically finds
all of the peaks in the fluorescence, and asks you to enter any
or all of the calibration values for those peaks. FlowJo then performs
a linear (or logarithmic) least squares regression to determine
the best calibration value, and creates the calibrated parameter.
A "Calibration standard" is FlowJo's internal representation
of the conversion of fluorescence to absolute units. Calibration
standards are stored in the workspace, permanently. They are accessible
as Derived parameters; thus, if you want to apply a Calibration
Standard to another sample (after defining it), select the appropriate
derived parameter under the "Derived Parameters" menu item. For
more information on derived parameters, click
here.
To define a calibration standard, you will be
presented with the "Define
New Calibration Standrard" dialog window"
that asks you to define which parameter you want to calibrate, and
then which method to use. This dialog window is shown when you select
"Calibrate..." under the Workspace menu. To see how to use either
method to create a new Calibration Standard, click on the link to
this dialog window.
In addition, you can see two examples of creating
Calibration Standards. Both use reference
samples; one uses a bead set, the other, the expression of CD4 on
lymphocytes as a defined set point. Examine these two series of
pages to see how easy it is to calibrate your samples with FlowJo!
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